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Electric vehicle battery charging is a relatively complex process. During the charging process, electric energy is converted into chemical energy to form material accumulation in the positive and negative stages of the battery.

Due to the structural characteristics of the battery, during the charging process, with the continuous increase of the battery power, the voltage at both the positive and negative ends of the battery also rises. The size of the charging current is determined by the voltage difference between the output voltage of the charging motor and the battery voltage, which is called the charging voltage difference.

As the overall resistance of the battery pack is relatively small, if the charging voltage is fixed, the battery voltage is low and the charging pressure difference is large at the initial stage of battery charging. At this time, the charging current will be very large, which will lead to battery overheating and even battery damage. After the battery power increases, the battery voltage increases gradually, and the charging pressure difference decreases continuously, which will lead to a small charging current and can not meet the charging requirements. Therefore, it requires a reasonable charging arrangement for the charging process.

Today, I will take you to understand the charging process and several charging methods of electric vehicles in an easy to understand way. In order to give you a clearer understanding of the concepts related to charging, this article also explains the charging pile, charging station and common terms. The terms are explained from the relevant standards. In this way, we have a more systematic understanding of the relevant knowledge of charging.

Electric vehicle charging process

The charging process of the battery can generally be divided into pre charging, rapid charging, supplementary charging and trickle charging.

1. Precharge

When charging a battery that has not been used for a long time or a new battery, it will affect the service life of the battery by adopting fast charging at the beginning. Therefore, the battery should be charged with a small current to meet certain charging conditions. This stage is called precharge.

1. fast charging

Fast charging is to charge with a large current to quickly restore battery power. The fast charging rate is generally above 1C, and the fast charging time is determined by the battery capacity and charging rate. Fast charging is divided into constant current charging and pulse charging. Constant current charging is to charge current with constant current. Pulse charging is to charge the battery with pulse current first, then discharge the battery, and so on.

1. supplementary charging

When some quick charging methods are adopted, the battery is not fully charged after the quick charging is terminated. In order to ensure that 100% of the power is charged, a supplementary charging process shall be added. The supplementary charging rate is generally not more than 0.3C.

1. trickle charging

During supplementary charging, the temperature will continue to rise. When the temperature exceeds the specified limit, the charger will turn to trickle charging state. In order to ensure that the battery is not fully charged, the integrated control method of timing control, voltage control and temperature control can be adopted.

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