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Charging method

When the battery voltage is low, the control current is charged with a relatively constant current. When the battery voltage reaches a certain height and approaches full charge, it is necessary to ensure that the battery voltage rises slowly at a certain speed to ensure that the battery can be fully charged. Therefore, to sum up the charging process, it is summarized that the charging methods of electric vehicle batteries mainly include constant (constant) current charging, constant (constant) voltage charging and pulse fast charging. One charging method or a combination of several methods can be selected according to specific conditions. Modern intelligent battery chargers can be set with different charging methods.

1. constant current charging

Constant current charging refers to the method of keeping the charging current constant during the charging process. Constant current charging has great adaptability. It is easy to fully charge the battery, which is beneficial to prolong the service life of the battery. The disadvantage is that during the charging process, the charging voltage needs to be adjusted according to the gradually rising battery electromotive force to keep the current unchanged, and the charging time is also long.

Constant current charging is a standard charging method. There are four charging methods as follows:

• Trickle charging is a charging method that maintains the full charge state of the battery and can just offset the self discharge of the battery. Its charging rate is harmless to the long-term charging of the fully charged battery, but the current is too small to charge the fully discharged battery.

• Minimum current charging refers to the method of minimizing the charging current as far as possible on the premise that the battery with deep discharge can effectively recover the battery capacity.

• Standard charging, i.e. charging at a standard rate, with a charging time of 14h.

• High rate (fast) charging means that the battery is fully charged within 3h. This charging method requires an automatic control circuit to protect the battery from damage.

1. constant voltage charging

Constant voltage charging refers to a charging method that keeps the charging voltage constant during charging, and the charging current decreases with the increase of battery electromotive force. A reasonable charging voltage should make the charging current tend to 0 when the battery is about to be sufficient. If the voltage is too high, the charging current will be too large and overcharged at the initial stage of charging. If the voltage is too low, the battery will be undercharged. At the initial stage of charging, if the charging current is too large, the charging voltage shall be appropriately reduced, and the charging voltage shall be adjusted to the specified value after the electromotive force of the battery is increased.

The advantage of constant voltage charging is that the charging time is short, and there is no need to adjust the voltage during the charging process, which is more suitable for supplementary charging. The disadvantage is that it is not easy to fully charge the battery, and the high current at the initial stage of charging will have an adverse impact on the plate.

1. pulse charging

Pulse charging is to charge the battery with pulse current, and then discharge the battery in a short time and large pulse, so as to charge and discharge the battery repeatedly in the whole charging process.

Composition and function of charging point / station

1. composition and function of charging pile

The charging pile is composed of pile body, electrical module, metering module, etc. The charging pile includes AC charging pile and DC charging pile. Charging piles are usually set in groups to improve their utilization. The basic functions of the charging pile are power supply or charging, metering and communication, and the extended functions are billing.

1. composition and function of charging station

Unlike the charging pile, the charging station is mainly composed of carriageway, charging area, power supply and distribution facilities, charging device, monitoring device, etc. The public charging station shall also include a place of business.

The charging station with battery replacement function shall include backup battery storage, battery replacement facilities and places. The power supply and distribution facilities of the charging station are composed of high-voltage switchgear, transformer, low-voltage switchgear and its power and control lines.

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