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The charging system provides an energy supply for the operation of electric vehicles. It is an important basic support system for electric vehicles, and also an important link in the commercialization and industrialization of electric vehicles. With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, charging technology has become one of the key factors restricting the development of the industry. Intelligent and fast charging mode has become the development trend of electric vehicle charging technology.

There are different methods for classifying charging devices of electric vehicles. Generally speaking, it can be divided into an onboard charging device and off board charging device. According to the different ways of charging the battery of an electric vehicle, the charging device can be divided into contact type and induction type. According to different charging methods, electric vehicles can be divided into slow charging, fast charging, power change, wireless charging, mobile charging, etc.

Slow charge

Also known as conventional charging, on-board charging means that the portable charging equipment equipped with the vehicle is used for charging, and the household power supply or special charging pile power supply can be used. This is the way we now use passenger cars:

On-board charger and household wall mounted charging pile. The charging current is small, generally about 16-32a. The current can be DC or two-phase AC or three-phase AC. therefore, the charging time is 5 to 8 hours depending on the capacity of the battery pack.

The disadvantages of the conventional charging mode are very obvious, and the charging time is long, but its requirements for charging are not high, and the charger and installation cost are low; It can make full use of the low power period to charge and reduce the charging cost; The more important advantage is that it can deeply charge the battery, improve the battery charging and discharging efficiency, and prolong the battery life. Due to the long charging time, it can greatly meet the requirements of vehicles operating in the daytime and resting at night.

Fast charging

That is, fast charging, also known as ground charging. As the name suggests, it is a charging method that can quickly be fully charged. The battery is directly charged by a large current through the off-board charger, so that the battery can be charged to about 80% of the power in a short time. Therefore, it is also called emergency charging. The representative of fast charging mode is Tesla super charging station. The current and voltage of the fast charging mode are generally 150 ~ 400A and 200 ~ 750V, and the charging power is greater than 50KW. This mode is mostly DC power supply mode. The ground charger has large power and wide variation range of output current and voltage.

The charging speed of fast charging is very high, and its charging time is close to the time when the internal combustion engine injects fuel. However, its charging method is pulse fast charging. The biggest advantage of pulse fast charging is that the charging time is greatly shortened; And it can increase the appropriate battery capacity and improve the starting performance. However, the pulse charging current is large, and the installation requirements and costs of charging equipment are very high. In addition, the current and voltage of fast charging is high, which has a great impact on the battery in a short time, and is easy to cause the active substances of the battery to fall off and the battery to heat up. Therefore, there are higher requirements for the battery protection and heat dissipation, and not every model can be charged quickly. No matter how perfect the battery is, long-term fast charging will eventually affect the service life of the battery.

The fast charging mode is essentially an emergency charging mode, which aims to charge the electric vehicle in a short time. Generally speaking, it is not recommended to frequently use the fast charging mode for charging. And the fast charging mode is only supported by some models.

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