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The electromagnetic environment of electric vehicles refers to the electromagnetic interference from inside and outside the vehicle, as well as the electromagnetic interference radiated from electric vehicles and electronic equipment to the outside world during the operation of electric vehicles. The electronic and electrical equipment on the car should be able to maintain normal work in such an environment, without performance degradation or even destruction. Since electric vehicles can be exercised to various places, their electromagnetic environment varies greatly. Electric vehicle electromagnetic interference can be roughly divided into three categories, namely, on-board interference sources, natural interference sources and man-made interference sources.

On-board interference sources

On-board interference sources mainly refer to the electromagnetic interference generated by what kind of electronic and electrical systems on board. Various transient voltages in the electric vehicle circuit, or electric sparks and arcs generated between contacts at the moment of circuit opening and closing, may affect the normal work of sensitive equipment on board. The main sources of on-board interference are drive systems, power batteries, power converters, relays, point auxiliary systems, switches, communication equipment and microprocessors and other electronic equipment. The rapid transients of voltage and current will generate radiation and noise, and the electronic equipment close to these devices may produce failures, especially the rapid rectification of motor drive modules, motor start, high voltage radiation will cause higher field strength of conduction and compliance harassment.

Vehicle interference sources of electromagnetic propagation mode is complex, it has two forms of conducted interference and radiation interference. Conducted coupling requires a complete circuit connection between the originating receiver, and there are usually three coupling paths: common power supply, common circuit and near-field coupling between the wires, the first two of which are conducted coupling.

In general, in the radiation interference of the electric vehicle system, common mode high frequency interference dominates, while other frequency band interference is smaller. The noise caused by the drive system switching element action is propagated through the common mode and differential mode loops. The DC bus or cable memory connected to the battery and converter connects the AC motor and converter with a large transient current flowing in the AC cable, and the current flow can launch radiation outward through long wires or interfere with adjacent wires through crosstalk. Due to the space and structure of electric vehicles, coupling and crosstalk are inevitable for electric vehicle high-voltage conductors and collateral control lines.

Natural interference

Natural sources of interference are electromagnetic disturbances caused by natural phenomena. The more typical electromagnetic noise generated by natural electromagnetic phenomena are atmospheric noise, solar noise, cosmic noise and electrostatic discharge. In most cases, this electromagnetic noise is very complex and has negligible interference effects on electric vehicles. However, lightning and electrostatic discharge may generate large transient field strength. Lightning is a very complex process with currents in excess of 10 kA and rise times of less than 1 microsecond. The friction between passengers and seats and the friction between the body of the electric car and the air during the driving process are associated with the accumulation of trip static, high voltage static in the discharge will affect the work of electronic equipment, and even cause permanent damage.

Human interference source

Man-made interference sources are the electromagnetic interference generated by the external artificial devices of electric vehicles, mainly the radiation interference from other vehicles, the electromagnetic wave interference emitted by the radar, radio transmitter, mobile communication equipment, etc. outside the vehicle, and the corona discharge of high-voltage transmission lines.

The standard according to the power battery storage energy, charging service capacity of the charging station is divided into four levels. One level of charging station battery storage energy of not less than 6800 kWh, or single-way distribution capacity of not less than 5000 kVA, can provide battery replacement or charging services for more than 200 large and medium-sized commercial vehicles, or more than 500 passenger cars per day. The battery storage energy of the fourth-level charging station is less than 1,700 kWh, or the single-way distribution capacity is less than 1,000 kVA, which can provide battery replacement or charging service for less than 40 large and medium-sized commercial vehicles or less than 100 passenger vehicles per day.

Summary

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